智慧课堂融合任务驱动教学法在《医学影像学》教学中的应用

目的 探讨智慧课堂融合任务驱动教学法在《医学影像学》教学中的应用效果。方法 选取2018 年9 －12 月大连医科大学2015 级本科临床专业4 个班的学生，分为研究组64 名学生（接受智慧课堂融合任务驱动教学法教学），对照组64 名学生（接受传统授予式教学法教学）。教学结束后，通过随堂测试评价教学效果，内容包括学生客观考核与主观考评。应用SPSS 19.0 软件对数据进行统计分析。结果 研究组学生客观考核成绩（82.39±9.59）高于对照组（70±11.55），差异具有统计学意义（P ＜ 0.05）；研究组学生在激发学习兴趣（82.9% 比10.6%）、培养影像诊断思维能力及阅片技能（91.3% 比5.6%）、培养独立思考与解决问题能力（88.5% 比7.8%）、培养自主学习与科研创新思维（86.7% 比9.2%）均高于对照组学生，具有统计学意义（P ＜ 0.01）；两组学生对智慧课堂融合任务驱动教学法改革的认同感或对教学改革的期待（93.3% 比85.4%）无统计学意义。结论 智慧课堂融合任务驱动教学法，提高《医学影像学》教学质量显著，有助于激发学生的学习兴趣，培养学生的影像学诊断思维模式、良好的阅片习惯及技能。     

Laparoendoscopic Single-site Surgery for Comprehensive Staging of Early Ovarian Cancer

Study ObjectiveTo demonstrate the procedure and suspension skills of laparoendoscopic single-site (LESS) staging surgery with infrarenal para-aortic lymphadenectomy for early-stage ovarian cancer.DesignA presentation of the surgery through this technical video.SettingA hospital.Patient and InterventionsA 45-year-old woman presented with a pelvic mass on gynecologic examination and a serum cancer antigen 125 level of 5910 U/mL (normal = <35 U/mL). A computed tomographic scan revealed a mixture of solid and cystic components (70 × 77 × 71 mm) arising from the right ovary and characterized by the “ovarian vascular pelvic” sign. Clinically early-stage ovarian cancer was suspected. Subsequently, LESS staging surgery was performed by an experienced surgeon in our department.ResultsThe surgery lasted 280 minutes, and the volume of blood loss was 50 mL; there were no intra- or postoperative complications. We “hid” the incision perfectly for cosmetic purposes. The histopathologic findings supported high-grade serous ovarian cancer of the right ovary with the left fallopian tube involved as well. In addition, a total of 34 negative pelvic and 18 negative para-aortic lymph nodes were identified, and a stage of IIA was diagnosed as a result.ConclusionWe performed an LESS staging surgery for early-stage ovarian cancer successfully. Our video shows that the LESS approach provided feasible, cosmetic, and safe access among the selected malignant gynecologic surgery. Therefore, we have experienced that the effective suspension was an auxiliary measure for LESS lymphadenectomy. In addition, compared with multiport laparoscopy, the LESS approach could provide easier access to infrarenal para-aortic regions; furthermore, it was safe and quick to extract an unknown sample.     

达芬奇机器人与传统腹腔镜在治疗小儿先天性胆总管囊肿的对比研究

目的对比达芬奇机器人与传统腹腔镜在治疗小儿先天性胆总管囊肿的优劣势。方法回顾性收集2018年3月至2019年9月郑州大学第一附属医院诊断为胆总管囊肿的103例患儿的临床资料,其中行达芬奇机器人手术的21例患儿作为机器人组,行传统腹腔镜治疗的82例患儿为腹腔镜组,所有手术均由同一团队完成。其中,机器人组患儿的年龄为(3.85±0.79)岁,范围为1~11岁;Todani分型为胆总管囊性扩张型(Ⅰ型)17例,其他分型4例;囊肿最大径为(36.76±10.13)mm,范围为16~79 mm。腹腔镜组患儿的年龄为(3.71±0.67)岁,范围为3个月至12岁;Todani分型为Ⅰ型70例,其他分型12例;囊肿最大径为(35.98±8.25)mm,范围为10~82 mm。分析两组在一般资料及术前情况、术中及术后等方面的差异。结果①机器人组与腹腔镜组患儿在年龄、性别、体重、临床表现、Todani分型、囊肿最大径、术前C反应蛋白(C-reactive protein,CRP)值、术后并发症发生率、术后疼痛评分方面差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);②机器人组的术中失血量、术后第一天及第三天腹腔引流液量、术后CRP值、术后禁食时间、术后出院时间均小于腹腔镜组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论达芬奇机器人在治疗小儿先天性胆总管囊肿方面较传统腹腔镜具有术中出血量少、组织损伤小、恢复快、愈合好等优点,具有可行性、安全性、有效性等优点。不足之处为手术总时间较长、费用较高。随着技术的进步及手术医生经验的积累,机器人治疗小儿先天性胆总管囊肿将会发挥更大的优势。     

Real-world effectiveness of HPV vaccination against cervical neoplasia among birth cohorts ineligible for routine vaccination

Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine effectiveness may differ between settings. Here we present the first real-world effectiveness study of HPV vaccination on high-grade cervical lesions from Norway, among women who received HPV vaccine outside the routine program. We performed an observational study of all Norwegian women born 1975 to 1996 and retrieved individual data from nationwide registries on HPV vaccination status and incidence of histologically verified high-grade cervical neoplasia during 2006 to 2016. We estimated the incidence rate ratio (IRR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for vaccination vs no vaccination by Poisson regression stratified by age at vaccination <20 years and ≥20 years. The cohort consisted of 832 732 women, of which 46 381 (5.6%) received at least one dose of HPV vaccine by the end of 2016. The incidence rate of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or worse (CIN2+) increased with age regardless of vaccination status and was highest at age 25 to 29, at 637/100 000 among unvaccinated women, 487/100 000 among women vaccinated before age 20 and 831/100 000 among women vaccinated at age 20 or older. The adjusted IRR of CIN2+ between vaccinated and unvaccinated women was 0.62 (95% CI: 0.46-0.84) for women vaccinated below age 20, and 1.22 (95% CI: 1.03-1.43) for women vaccinated at age 20 or older. These findings indicate that HPV vaccination among women too old to be eligible for routine HPV vaccination is effective among women who are vaccinated below age 20 but may not have the desired impact among women who are vaccinated at age 20 or older.     

护士应用体外膜肺氧合技术核心能力评价指标的构建

目的 构建一套科学、系统的护士应用体外膜肺氧合（extracorporeal membrane oxygenation,ECMO）技术的核心能力评价指标,为护士的培养、考核和能力评价提供参考依据。 方法 通过文献回顾、半结构式访谈形成护士应用ECMO技术核心能力评价指标初稿,2021年2月—4月,采用德尔菲法对6个省份的25名专家进行问卷函询,运用层次分析法确定各级指标权重。 结果 共开展2轮函询,问卷有效回收率分别为90.00%、92.59%,第2轮函询专家的权威系数为0.886,肯德尔和谐系数为0.205（P<0.001）。最终构建的评价指标包括临床专业知识、临床实践技能、评判性思维能力、专业发展能力、沟通协调能力、管理能力、个人特质7个一级指标、19个二级指标、70个三级指标。 结论 构建的护士应用ECMO技术核心能力评价指标具有较高的科学性和可靠性,对护士的培养、考核和能力评价具有指导意义。